Forever Chemicals for Beginners: What are PFAS, their history, and their solution?

THIS WEEK’S CONTRIBUTOR:
Laura McNamara, PE, PMP | Senior Project Manager/PFAS Lead
APTIM | Remediation & Technical Solutions
Laura.McNamara@APTIM.com
Laura has more than 22 years of experience performing and managing environmental investigation and remediation projects across the US for the Air Force, Army Corps of Engineers, and Defense Logistics Agency. She is an expert in PFAS investigation, treatment, and management to protect the health of our clients’ environments and communities.

Forever Chemicals for Beginners: What are PFAS, their history, and their solution?

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their persistent presence in the environment and potential health risks. Dubbed “forever chemicals” for their ability to resist degradation, PFAS can accumulate over time in water sources, wildlife, and human bodies, leading to concerning environmental and health impacts.

So, what are PFAS? Let’s unpack the complex world of these forever chemicals—from their history and the recent regulations aimed at mitigating their impact to cutting-edge remediation techniques. Plus, how APTIM, a leader in environmental and resilience solutions, is spearheading efforts to investigate, treat, and manage PFAS contamination for government and commercial clients.

A History of PFAS

PFAS Structure

PFAS were developed in the 1940s through extensive research and chemical engineering to manipulate carbon-fluorine bonds that are resistant to heat, oil, water, and other elements. They have since been used in a wide array of consumer products and industrial applications, ranging from non-stick cookware and water-repellent fabrics to firefighting foams. Their chemical stability, while beneficial for these applications, also means PFAS don’t break down naturally, leading to widespread contamination and accumulation with serious risks to human and environmental health.

PFAS Health Effects

These effects began to emerge in the late 20th century. Studies conducted in the 1990s and early 2000s started to shed light on the adverse health impacts associated with PFAS exposure. This included concerns about their bioaccumulation in the environment and human bodies, as well as their potential links to various health issues such as cancer, hormonal disruptions, immune system suppression, and other serious conditions. The growing body of research during this period raised awareness about the need to understand and address the health implications of PFAS exposure.

In a past blog, I shared retailers’ response to the growing public demand for regulations and alternatives to mitigate this negative impact of PFAS.

Recent PFAS EPA Regulations

In recognition of the potential risks posed by PFAS, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently tightened regulations surrounding these chemicals. These include setting stringent guidelines for PFAS levels in drinking water, mandating improved monitoring, and requiring more comprehensive reporting from industries known to use or discharge PFAS. These measures aim to reduce new PFAS contamination and address existing pollution.

Learn more about PFAS research and regulations in 2024 in my previous blog.

PFAS Contamination, Testing, and Remediation Methods

Detecting and removing PFAS from the environment poses significant challenges due to their chemical properties. Testing methods currently involve advanced analytical techniques to identify and quantify PFAS in water, soil, and air samples. Remediation technologies range from activated carbon and ion exchange to more innovative approaches such as high-pressure membranes and advanced oxidation processes, each with its advantages and limitations in addressing PFAS contamination.

For example, while activated carbon and ion exchange methods provide reliable solutions for PFAS remediation, high-pressure membranes and advanced oxidation processes offer more comprehensive and efficient removal capabilities, albeit with higher costs and technical requirements. The choice of technology depends on factors such as the specific PFAS contaminants present, the scale of contamination, and available resources for implementation and maintenance. APTIM can help you decide which remediation technology is right for you.

Leading the Way in PFAS Remediation Technologies

APTIM stands at the forefront of PFAS research and remediation efforts, leading the fight against these persistent chemicals. Through a combination of extensive experience, cutting-edge technology, and in-depth expertise, we are not only developing new treatment approaches but also conducting vital research to unearth the destiny of PFAS in our natural world. Our comprehensive services include investigation, risk assessment and management, environmental remediation, and compliance and regulatory support. Check out just a few of our PFAS remediation projects across the US below.

These projects, among others, position APTIM as a leader in mitigating the risks and impacts of PFAS contamination across varied landscapes.

Join Forces with APTIM’s PFAS Team

The battle against PFAS is complex, requiring collaboration across industries, regulatory bodies, and technical experts. APTIM is inviting stakeholders from policy making, the retail industry, commercial markets, and environmental agencies to connect and leverage our PFAS remediation expertise. Integrating rigorous scientific research with practical applications, APTIM is committed to safeguarding public health and the environment against the threats posed by forever chemicals.

In navigating the challenges and intricacies of PFAS contamination, partnering with dedicated experts like APTIM offers the best path forward for effective management and remediation strategies. Together, we can confront these enduring contaminants and protect our shared environment for future generations. Connect with me today to explore how our comprehensive solutions can address your PFAS challenges and compliance needs, ushering in a safer, cleaner tomorrow.